Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 440

As the interior (of the body is loathsome), so is the exterior ; as the exterior, so is the interior. In the interior of the body he perceives the foul interior humours, he observes their several courses (or eruptions). A well-informed man knowing (and renouncing the body and pleasures), should not eat (his saliva l ) ; he should not oppose himself to the (current of knowledge).

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1128

ward, or push it, or draw it with the rope towards you, or, let us do it together/ he should not comply with his request, but look on silently. (16)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 275

It remains for me to add a few remarks about the two works which have been translated in this book.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 589

3 This means that knowledge is a modification (pari/idma) of th Se)f, and therefore one with it, but not as a quality or action of the Self different from it.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 142

1 6. * Abandoning all desires (for sweet food).' The same is prescribed in the fourth clause of the fifth great vow of the Gainas 1 , and is, besides, the apparent motive in many rules for the acceptance or rejection of alms.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1957

5. Monks or nuns who are hale and healthy, and of a strong body, are not allowed during the Pa^usan frequently to take the following nine drinks : milk,

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2017

1 The commentator translates pi/a, ' stool/ and phalaka, 'bench ;' they are of course not the property of the mendicant, but only temporally reserved for his use.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 911

* The words in brackets are the translation of varia lectio.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2038

Abh^it, name of an asterism, p. 28 1 . Abhinandana, name of the fourth

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2030

which must be inspected ; one for constant use, which must be swept 1 . (60)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1725

seven and a half days, in the first month of summer, in the second fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of A^aitra, on its fourteenth day, [while all planets were in their exaltations, the moon in her principal con- junction, and the sky in all its directions clear, bright, and pure ; while a favourable and agreeable low wind swept the earth ; at the time when the fields were green and all people glad and amusing themselves] 1 in the middle of the night while the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Uttara- phalgurii (Trisali), perfectly healthy herself, gave birth to a perfectly healthy boy. (96) 2

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2019

21. During the Pa^fusan monks or nuns must always inspect three spots where to ease nature ; not so in the summer and winter, as in the rainy season. 'Why has this been said, Sir?' 'For in the rainy season living beings, grass, seeds, mildew, and sprouts frequently come forth.' (55)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2037

In that period, in that age the Venerable Ascetic Mahvira, in the town of Ri^agrz'ha, in the Aaitya Gimasilaka, surrounded by many monks and nuns, by many men and women of the laity, by many gods and goddesses* said thus, spoke thus, declared thus, explained thus ; he proclaimed again and again the Lecture called Paryusha^kalpa with its application, with its argumentation, with its information, with its text, with its meaning, with both text and meaning, with the examination of the meaning:

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1089

If a monk or a nun beg for a couch (of the above- detailed description) after having well inspected it, they should, after consideration, say : ' O long-lived one! &c/ (all as in the first rule).

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1167

A monk or a nun, wandering from village to village with a superior priest, should not touch the superior's hand with their own, &c. (see 4). (6).

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1216

A monk or a nun, seeing big trees in parks, on hills, or in woods, should speak about them iit this way : * These (trees) are fit for palaces, gates, houses, benches, bolts, boats, buckets, stools, trays, ploughs, mattocks (?), machines, poles, the nave of a wheel (?), gaftdft 1 , seats, beds, cars, sheds ;' considering well, they should not use such sinful, &c., language, (n)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 20

The experts also pointed out that in certain cases, even though there might be in existence more recent and more accurate translations endowed with a more modern apparatus of scholar- ship, a number of pioneer works of the greatest value and interest to students of Eastern religions also merited republi- cation.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 177

1 Sacred Laws of the Aryas, part i, introduction, p. xliii. 9 L. c. p. xxii. 8 L. c. p. xlix.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1663

' O beloved of the gods, you have seen illus- trious dreams, &c. (see 9, down to) you will give birth to a lovely, handsome boy, who will be the ensign of our family, the lamp of our family, the crown 1 of our family, the frontal ornament

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1245

The householder 1 may say (to one of his people): ' O long-lived one ! (or, O sister !) fetch that robe, wipe or rub it with perfume, &c. (see II, 2, i, 8) ; we shall give it to the Sramanz. 9

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1575

' O beloved of the gods, you have seen illustrious dreams; O beloved of the gods, you have seen beautiful, lucky, blest, auspicious, fortunate dreams, which will bring health, joy, long life, bliss, and fortune! We shall have success, O beloved of the gods, we shall have pleasure ; we shall have happiness, O beloved of the gods, we shall have a son ! Indeed, O beloved of the gods, after the lapse of nine com- plete months and seven and a half days you will give birth to a lovely and handsome boy with tender hands and feet, with a body containing the entire

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1034

Hence it has been said to the mendicant, &c., that he should not use for religious postures, &c., a lodging used by the householder.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 326

1 I. e. the plurality of souls, not in one all-soul, as the VedSntins.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 632

1 Puvv&im vsim, the former years are those long periods by . which the length of the early TJrthakaras' life is measured. Walked means walked in righteousness. * Or obedience to their teacher ?

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1649

4 According to the commentary ; the textus receptus is, many water-drops.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 31

have grown out of, or branched off from the other. This t priori opinion has prejudiced the discernment of many critics, and still does so. In the following pages I shall try to destroy this prejudice, and to vindicate that authority and credit of the sacred books of the Cainas to which they are entitled. We begin our discussion with an inquiry about Mahdvira, the founder or, at least, the last prophet of the Gaina church. It will be seen that enough is known of him to invalidate the suspicion that he is a sort of mystical person, invented or set up by a younger sect some centuries after the pretended age of their assumed founder.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 282

a It was not, however, the first commentary, for tflinka mentions one by Gandhahastin.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 776

Practising the sinless abstinence from killing, he did noacts, neither himself norwith the assistance of others; he to whom women were known as the causes of all sinful acts, he saw (the true state of the world). (16)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 721

He should not long for life, nor wish for death ; he should yearn after neither, life or death. (4)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 366

Thus I say : There are beings called the animate, viz. those who are produced i. from eggs (birds, &c.), 2. from a fetus (as elephants, &c.), 3. from a fetus with an enveloping membrane (as cows, buffaloes, &c.), 4. from fluids (as worms, &c.), 5, from sweat (as bugs, lice, &c.), 6. by coagulation (as locusts, ants, &c.), 7. from sprouts (as butterflies, wagtails, &c.), 8. by regeneration (men, gods, hell- beings). This is called the Saws&ra (i) for the slow, for the ignorant.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2003

What is understood by small eggs ? Small eggs are declared to be of five kinds : eggs of biting insects 1 , of spiders, of ants, of lizards (or wasps) 2 , and of chameleons 3 ; Monks and nuns, &c, (see 44, down to) inspect them. Those are the small

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1108

When a monk or -a nun knows that in a village or scot-free town, &c., there is a large place for religious practices or for study ; that there can easily

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1459

In Brahma Kalpa and in the line of Krzsh#as, the Laukintika Vim&nas are eightfold and infinite in number, v,

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 610

* The fool works hard, thinking' that the unhappy one suffers many pains. * Knowing that these diseases are many, should the afflicted search after (remedies)?' See! they are of no avail, have done with them ! Sage ! see this great danger ! Do not hurt anybody ! Contemplate* Be attentive! I shall proclaim the doctrine of renunciation 2 . (4)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 755

Not devoted to any of the external Objects he reaches the end of his life ; thinking that patience is the highest good, he (should choose) one of (the described three) good methods of entering Nirvd^a. (25) Thus I say.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2069

Kasyapiya*, name of a 5aikha, 292. Ka/ibandhana, 73 n 2. Kltyiyana, name of a gotra, 287. Kauttt/ijiya, name of a gotra, 193,

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1693

Then the interpreters of dreams, being called by the Kshatriya Siddh&rtha's family servants, glad, pleased, and joyful, &c., bathed, made the offering (to the house-gods) 1 , performed auspicious rites and expiatory 2 acts, put on excellent, lucky, pure court- dress, adorned their persons with small but costly ornaments, and put, for the sake of auspiciousness, white mustard and DftrvS, grass on their heads. Thus they issued from their own houses and went right through the Kshatriya part of the town Ku^a- pura to the front gate of king Siddhartha's excellent palace, a jewel of its kind. (66)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 690

A mendicant who is fitted out with two robes, and a bowl as third (article), will not think : I shall beg for a third robe* He should beg for robes which are allowed to be begged for ; he should wear the clothes, &c. &C. 1 This is the whole outfit of one who wears clothes. But know further, that after the winter is gone and the hot season has come, one should leave off the used-up garments ; having left off the used-up garments, (one should) be chid with the undermost garment, with a gown 2 , or with no clothes at all aspiring to freedom from bonds. Penance suits him. Knowing what the Revered One has declared, one should thoroughly and in ail respects conform to it. (i)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1441

Upwards from the time when the Venerable Mahdvlra was placed in the womb of the Kshatri- ynl Tmal, that family's (treasure) of gold, silver, riches, corn, jewels, pearls, shells, precious stones, and corals increased 2 .

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 334

For the most general (?aina term for soul is life (^iva), which is identical with self (&y3, dtman). There are numberless lives or souls, not only embodied in animals, men, gods, hell-beings (tasa, trasa), and plants (vaassaf, vanaspati), but also in the four elements earth, water, fire, wind. Earth, &c., regarded as the abode of lives is called earth-body, &c. These bodies are only perceptible when an infinite number of them is united in one place.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1081

2. If the couch is free from eggs, living beings, but is heavy, they should not accept such a couch. (14)

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 444

8 The commentators supply jarlrasya, the body. For sinful acts injure the bodies of living beings ; therefore they are increased by our abstaining from sin.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 45

that SiddMrtha was but a baron ; for he is frequently called merely Kshatriya his wife TrlralA is, so far as I remember, never styled Devi, queen, but always Kshatriya/rf. Whenever the GVz&trzka Kshatriyas are men- tioned, they are never spoken of as SiddMrtha's S^mantas or dependents, but are treated as his equals.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 682

3 The original has fire-body, which the faithful are enjoined not to injure ; see lecture 2, lesson 4.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1065

If a mendicant, at night or at the twilight, leaves or enters a small lodging, one with a small door, a low or cramrped lodging, (he should put forward) first his hand, then his foot, and thus circumspectly leave or enter it.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 2118

Sravasti, name of a town, 264. Sravastika, name of a Sakha, 291. Sreyawia, name of the eleventh

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1513

A Nirgrantha comprehends (and renounces) anger, he is not angry. The Kevalin says : A Nirgrantha who is moved by anger, and is angry, might utter a falsehood in his speech. A Nirgrantha, &c.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1809

f P&r&bhoyam or v&r&bhoyam. The meaning of this word is not clear, and the commentator also did not know anything certain about it. He therefore tries three different etymological explana- tions, which are all equally fanciful. I have adopted one which makes vdrdbhoya to stand for Sanskrit dvrbhoga, which is explained pridi pa, lamp; for this best suits the meaning of the whole passage. The Gainas celebrate the Nirv&ia of Mahvtra with an illumination on the night of new moon in the month K&rttika.

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1368

the negative attributes (apurifttu*taraka<&m), I have contracted both paragraphs in the translation,

Jaina Sutras Part I, passage 1419

If he removes, or wipes off, the nit or lice from his head. (18)

Jaina Sutras Part I

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