Islam

Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by Muslims to be the verbatim word of God (Allah), and by the teachings and example (sunnah) of the Prophet Muhammad, regarded as the final prophet in a line that includes Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. With nearly two billion followers, Islam is the world's second-largest religion.

The Quran, revealed to Muhammad over 23 years in the 7th century CE, is the central religious text of Islam. It covers all aspects of life including theology, law, morality, and guidance for personal conduct. The Five Pillars of Islam — the declaration of faith (Shahada), prayer (Salat), charity (Zakat), fasting (Sawm), and pilgrimage (Hajj) — form the framework of Muslim life.

Islamic civilization has made profound contributions to science, mathematics, philosophy, art, and architecture. The tradition encompasses diverse schools of thought including Sunni, Shia, and Sufi traditions.