Judaism

Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, originating over 3,500 years ago in the ancient Near East. It is founded on the covenant between God (YHWH) and the people of Israel, as revealed in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible). Judaism encompasses a rich tradition of law, ethics, philosophy, and communal practice.

The core texts of Judaism include the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), the Talmud (an extensive commentary on Jewish law and ethics), and the Mishnah. Rabbinic literature, including works by Maimonides and other scholars, continues to shape Jewish thought and practice to this day. The wisdom books of Proverbs (Mishlei) and Ecclesiastes (Kohelet) offer timeless guidance on righteous living and the search for meaning. The Zohar, the foundational work of Jewish mysticism (Kabbalah), explores the hidden dimensions of Torah and the nature of the divine.

Central to Jewish life are the observance of Shabbat, the pursuit of justice (Tzedakah), study of Torah, and the concept of Tikkun Olam (repairing the world). Judaism has given rise to diverse movements including Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist traditions.