Taoism

Taoism (Daoism) is an ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (the Way) — the fundamental, nameless force that flows through all things. Originating in the 4th century BCE with the writings attributed to Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi, Taoism has profoundly influenced Chinese culture, art, medicine, martial arts, and governance for over two millennia.

The Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu, a brief but profound text of 81 chapters, is one of the most translated books in the world. It teaches the virtue of simplicity, humility, and non-action (wu wei) — effortless action in alignment with the natural order. Zhuangzi's writings complement this with vivid parables, philosophical dialogues, and explorations of relativism, spontaneity, and the limits of knowledge.

Taoism embraces paradox and the unity of opposites (Yin and Yang). It values naturalness, spontaneity, and the cultivation of inner stillness. Taoist practices include meditation, tai chi, qigong, and traditional Chinese medicine.